Pigeons Commonly Seen in Our Gardens or City Centers
The Columbidae family includes doves and pigeons, with around 1,100 different pigeon breeds worldwide, including various types and hybrids. The most common pigeons we encounter are:
- The feral pigeon, also known as the city pigeon, is the one we often see flocking in urban areas around the world. These pigeons are descendants of domestic pigeons that were released and have since returned to the wild, or urban jungle, driven by abundant food and shelter. Feral pigeons typically have a cyan-purple neck (without a white spot) and a slim build. Often referred to as "the rats of the sky," they stand about 30-35 cm tall and weigh between 270-550 grams.
- Domestic pigeons, such as racing or homing pigeons, are kept for sports like long-distance races and were historically used for communication. These pigeons are known for their ability to fly great distances and have excellent navigation skills. They can be identified by the rings around their legs.
- White Doves are commonly used at events like weddings, where they are released and later return to their home pigeonry. These doves are white, slim, and feature a pink beak and glossy black eyes.
- Wood Pigeons are wild pigeons that are larger, heavier, and bulkier than other European pigeons. They prefer nesting in quiet, green areas and can often be seen waddling around gardens or parks. They are easily recognized by their pinkish-gray chest, red-orange beak, and white neck.
What Do Pigeons Eat?
Pigeons primarily prefer seeds, grains, fruits, and crops, though they have a varied diet. On average, they consume about 450 grams of food per week.
Development and Breeding of Pigeons
Urban pigeons typically nest on, in, or around buildings and other structures, often choosing spots like rooftops, under eaves, or on support beams. Their nests are made from materials such as grass, twigs, and even discarded items like plastic or fabric. Wood pigeons, on the other hand, usually build their nests in dense foliage or large trees.
Pigeons generally breed between March and July, although many can breed year-round. Their nests typically contain two off-white eggs, laid on consecutive days.
The incubation period lasts about 18 days, with the young birds developing feathers after approximately 30 days. Interestingly, city pigeons can lay another set of eggs when their first brood is just 20 days old, allowing a single pair to potentially produce up to nine nests per year.
Why Are Pigeons Often Seen in Large Numbers?
Pigeons tend to gather in large flocks for safety, increased opportunities to find food, and protection from predators.
Over time, pigeons have adapted their cooing to be heard more clearly over the noise of busy urban environments.
As a result, their cooing can often be heard from a distance and may become a source of annoyance.
Are All Birds in Urban Areas Considered Pests?
Which Birds Are Protected and Which Are Not?
Urban areas host a diverse range of wildlife that should be promoted and conserved. However, the abundance of food waste in cities allows certain species, such as pigeons and seagulls, to thrive and multiply rapidly.
This overpopulation can lead to various social and environmental issues, including noise, pollution, damage to buildings, and the spread of diseases. Therefore, it is essential to manage bird populations under municipal guidelines and authorization.
